Jean-Étienne Liotard was born on December 22, 1702, in Geneva. With his pastel paintings and portraits, the son of a jeweler shaped the image of the Rococo period and is among the most significant painters of the second half of the 18th century.
Liotard received his first training as a miniature painter in Geneva in the studio of Daniel Gardelle. In 1923, he moved to Paris and apprenticed with painters Jean-Baptiste Massé and François Lemoyne. He was later accepted into the studio of Marquis Puysieux in Naples.
In 1735, Liotard worked in Rome, where he painted portraits of Pope Clement XII and several cardinals. He traveled to Vienna, London, Venice, Amsterdam, Lyon, and Frankfurt, where he received numerous portrait commissions. Among his clients were emperors, princesses, aristocrats, and representatives from the highest circles. He was privileged to portray Emperor Francis Stephen of Lorraine, Maria Theresa and her children, the Prince and Princess of Wales, King Louis XV, and many others. He quickly gained a reputation as a portraitist. Liotard had an excellent eye for details and subtleties, working with precision and meticulousness. He skillfully displayed all the features and peculiarities of each of his sitters.
During his travels through Italy, Greece, and the Ottoman Empire, Liotard was inspired by the oriental ambiance. During this period, he created depictions of people in Turkish costumes and domestic scenes, earning the nickname "the Turkish painter." The lifestyle and traditions impressed him so much that he extended his stay. The artist remained in Constantinople, today's Istanbul, for five years.
His most famous work is "The Chocolate Girl." His pastel drawings were especially appreciated at the Viennese and French courts. This style, along with his engravings, glass, and enamel paintings, characterized Liotard's artistic oeuvre. With realistic textures, the Swiss artist was adept at creating pure and lifelike surfaces. The faces exude vitality and freshness. His technique combined intense color (blue was fashionable at the time) with gentle smudging.
Jean-Étienne Liotard lived and worked in the largest European cities. After his long travels, he settled in his hometown Geneva for the last 30 years of his life in 1758. Although he continued to travel extensively, his base remained in the Swiss capital, where he died in 1789 at the age of 86. In his later years, the artist preferred to paint still lifes and landscapes.
Liotard also left many self-portraits, depicting himself as an extravagant, oriental-clad man with a long beard. This striking attire was a result of his travels in the Orient.
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